Clean Car Standards
A
Woman Warned GM About Warming. Men Didn't Listen. According
to E&E News, “A General Motors scientist who conducted pioneering research on climate change in the 1960s says she faced sexism that made it difficult to do her job. Ruth Reck’s allegations raise questions about whether GM executives dismissed or downplayed
her findings on global warming because of her gender. Reck joined GM Research Laboratories in Warren, Mich., in 1965 and soon began studying the effects of car emissions on the climate, E&E News reported as part of a monthslong investigation (Climatewire,
Oct. 26). As the first female scientist in the lab, she encountered an environment in which male co-workers evaluated her body rather than her brains. ‘I had a very difficult time working at GM in general. They told me I was a distraction because I was a shapely
woman. I don’t want to go into detail, but it was really hard. Really, unbelievably embarrassing,’ Reck recalled in one of several phone interviews with E&E News. The lab was located inside the GM Technical Center, which had been designed by the noted Finnish-American
architect Eero Saarinen. Its walls were made almost entirely of glass. ‘There was glass everywhere. You could see everyone everywhere,’ Reck said. ‘And the men, I was told I distracted them. You could just tell that their eyes were on you all the time.’ In
response, GM constructed a makeshift wall around Reck’s workspace so passing colleagues couldn’t peer inside. ‘They built something so that people couldn’t see me — some kind of a wall or something — when people walked down the hallway,’ she said. ‘They put
me in a position where I wouldn’t be seen by the men.’ It was inside this cocoon that Reck conducted groundbreaking research on aerosols, or particles that can come from cars and factories.” [E&E News,
10/28/20
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Report:
Tailpipe Pollution Making Virginians Sick. According
to Public News Service, “As Virginia lawmakers consider new standards for lowering greenhouse-gas emissions, a group of doctors released a report today that showed tailpipe emissions from everyday traffic are taking a major toll on Virginians’ health and pocketbooks.
The report said concentrations of harmful air particles contribute to 3,000 premature deaths and more than 3,500 hospitalizations in the state each year, according to Virginia Clinicians for Climate Change. Physician Samantha Ahdoot, the group’s founder, pointed
out that when people breathe in exhaust fumes, damaging particles enter the lungs and bloodstream. ‘From there, it gets into our hearts, where it causes heart attacks; it causes exacerbation of lung disease and new lung disease,’ she said. ‘For example, it
causes asthma attacks, and it even effects pregnant women and can contribute to babies being born too small.’ She said air pollution ends up costing Virginians $23 billion a year in health and social-welfare expenses. The state now is considering adopting
California’s tougher motor-vehicle emission standards to clean up the air and help address climate change. The report also revealed that the most socially vulnerable communities bear most of the health costs of polluted emissions. Karen Campblin, who chairs
Virginia’s NAACP chapter’s Environmental and Climate Justice Committee, said lower-income and communities of color tend to be clustered around major transportation hubs and processing plants. She pointed to the neighborhoods surrounding the Lamberts Point
Coal Terminal in Norfolk as an example.” [Public News Service, 10/28/20
(+)]
EGEB:
GM, Ford Knew About Climate Change A Half Century Ago. According
to Electrek, “In today’s Electrek Green Energy Brief (EGEB): GM and Ford knew about climate change 50 years ago, E&E News reveals in an exclusive. Bob Murray, who long fought to reduce black lung benefits for coal miners, died of a lung condition. More than
half of kids in the UK want their parents to buy electric vehicles, according to Peugeot. Arcadia Power is committed to making clean energy work for the planet and Americans’ bank accounts — all without changing your utility company. Sign up to receive your
$20 Amazon Gift Card — *ad. GM and Ford knew Two of the US’s largest automakers have known since the 1960s that car emissions cause climate change, according to an exclusive months-long investigation by E&E News. E&E writes: Researchers at both automakers
found strong evidence in the 1960s and ‘70s that human activity was warming the Earth. A primary culprit was the burning of fossil fuels, which released large quantities of heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide that could trigger melting of polar ice
sheets and other dire consequences. A GM scientist presented her findings to at least three high-level executives at the company, including a former chairman and CEO. It’s unclear whether similar warnings reached the top brass at Ford. The findings by E&E
News reveal that GM and Ford were ‘deeply and actively engaged’ since the 1960s in understanding how their cars affected the climate, said Carroll Muffett, president and CEO of the Center for International Environmental Law. Ford responded to the investigation
by acknowledging that climate change is real. It says it’s now investing more than $11 billion in electrification and will run its manufacturing plants on 100% green energy in 15 years.” [Electrek,
10/27/20
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Nichols
Says CARB’s Vehicle GHG Deals Can Be Template For U.S. Rules. According
to Inside EPA, “California air board chief Mary Nichols, who says she would accept an offer to be EPA administrator under a potential Biden administration, believes the state’s recently finalized voluntary ‘framework’ deals with five automakers on reducing
greenhouse gases should serve as a template for national model year 2022-26 rules. ‘First of all, I think everyone has agreed that the California framework is an interim approach. It only goes to 2026, obviously,’ she says in an exclusive Oct. 27 interview
with Inside EPA. ‘And everyone knows that if, and as, we’re moving forward towards electrification -- whether battery-electric or hydrogen-based, or both hopefully -- that the whole process of standard-setting needs to be looked at again. And there’s going
to need to be a new wave of standards to take us to the next decade and beyond. So, I think everybody who works in that space wants to get to that point sooner rather than later.’ CARB’s ‘framework’ agreements with five automakers -- BMW of North America,
Ford, Honda, Volkswagen Group of America, and Volvo -- require the companies to meet tougher vehicle GHG standards than EPA and the Transportation Department’s rollback of Obama-era limits, and to make additional commitments to move toward zero-emission vehicles.
The agreements represented ‘a creative and progressive step forward, which shows how you could have a national program, because it does give the companies that signed up for it a template to work from,’ Nichols says. The pacts also require the companies to
‘stop attacking California’s standard-setting authority -- and that of the other states that work with California -- and you continue to make progress on improving emissions from the internal combustion engine. And you do that on a steady basis.” [Inside EPA,
10/27/20
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What
GM & Ford Knew About Climate For Decades. According
to Axios, “A
lengthy E&E News investigation finds that General Motors and Ford were aware a half-century ago that vehicle emissions fueled climate change. Driving the news: The story explores climate research by company scientists dating back to the 1960s, and how both
automakers nonetheless later fought emissions initiatives and funded groups that sowed doubt about climate science. Why it matters: The findings could increase pressure on the automakers to act more aggressively on climate, though both companies are now investing
substantial sums in vehicle electrification. The intrigue: Here’s just a snippet of Maxine Joselow’s story, which is based on interviews and company documents... Researchers at both automakers found strong evidence in the 1960s and ‘70s that human activity
was warming the Earth. ...A GM scientist presented her findings to at least three high-level executives at the company, including a former chairman and CEO. It’s unclear whether similar warnings reached the top brass at Ford. But in the following decades,
both manufacturers largely failed to act on the knowledge that their products were heating the planet. What they’re saying: The companies now both acknowledge human-caused warming and touted their EV investments and other initiatives. ‘There is nothing we
can say about events that happened one or two generations ago since they are irrelevant to the company’s positions and strategy today,’ a GM spokesman told E&E.” [Axios,
10/27/20
(=)]
States
Valley Electric Truck Maker Files For Six New
Patents. According to the Phoenix Business
Journal, “A Valley electric automotive startup has filed six new provisional patents related to the all-electric work pickup and vehicle platform the company is developing. Mesa-based Atlis Motor Vehicles filed the patents as part of the development of its
XT pickup, an electric work truck intended to have a 500-mile range that matches or outperforms the heavy-duty power, towing and rapid refueling capabilities of diesel-powered trucks. The vehicles are envisioned for use in agriculture, service, utility and
construction industries. They will run on the company’s XP platform, which will use its proprietary battery technology, electric motors and modular system architecture. The patents cover battery tab design, distributed control of vehicle systems and use cases
involving digital mirrors, route planning, configuration of the XP platform and towing intelligence, the company said. Atlis is working to develop its own technology and cut reliance on outside suppliers. ‘Traditional automakers are dependent on their suppliers,
sourcing much of the same off-the-shelf-technology as their competitors,’ Atlis CEO Mark Hanchett said in a statement. ‘We are taking a vertically integrated approach, developing all technology in-house to create a vehicle that meets specific customer needs.
We innovate with purpose and our strong IP portfolio is a huge differentiator.’ The new filings increase the company’s total patents to 16. Previous patent applications have covered the company’s battery cell, battery thermal management technology, charging
technology, modular platform and other vehicle systems.” [Phoenix Business Journal,
10/27/20
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Auto Manufacturers
General Motors CEO Mary Barra Says Company Has Capability To ‘Put Everyone In An EV’.
According to GM Authority, “General Motors is currently in the midst of a large-scale transition from internal combustion engine vehicles
to battery-electric vehicles. The automaker sees this change as a necessary transition as consumer’s tastes evolve, but it also sees a shift to EVs as a moral imperative. In a recent blog post shared on LinkedIn, GM CEO Mary Barra doubled down on the automaker’s
commitment to EVs, saying the company has the capability and responsibility to help put every vehicle owner behind the wheel of a battery-powered car, truck, crossover or SUV. ‘As an engineer, I’ve always looked at how to improve situations and solve challenges,’
Barra said in the blog post. ‘Engineers have the ability to imagine what’s next and then make it happen. At its very core, engineering improves people’s lives’ ‘As Chairman and CEO of General Motors, I now have a unique opportunity – and responsibility – to
use my engineering mindset to help make the world a better place on a much larger scale. At General Motors, we have a vision of zero crashes, zero emissions, zero congestion. It is our north star that guides everything we do.’ A key component in helping GM
achieve this goal is its Ultium lithium-ion batteries and Ultium Drive motors. Barra says the Ultium motors and batteries are a ‘game-changer in driving down costs, increasing range and opening the design potential,’ of its EVs. GM is also planning to market
its Ultium technology to other automakers and manufacturers, helping these third-party companies adopt greener vehicle technology earlier. ‘EVs – and the technology we’re engineering to create them – are key to the growth trajectory at GM,’ Barra said. ‘I
believe with all the assets we have, we will win. And we will create a more sustainable world for future generations.’” [GM Authority,
10/27/20
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Lordstown Motors Becomes Publicly Traded, Before Delivering Its Electric Trucks.
According to Green Car Reports, “Lordstown Motors hasn’t delivered a single vehicle yet, but it is now a publicly-traded company. The
electric-truck firm began trading on the NASDAQ Monday, under the ticker symbol ‘RIDE.’ Lordstown went public by merging with DiamondPeak Holdings, a special-purpose acquisition company (SPAC). These are essentially shell companies created specifically to
merge with private companies looking to go public, as a way to expedite the process. SPAC mergers have become fashionable among automotive startups, with Nikola, Fisker, and Canoo, as well as solid-state battery firm QuantumScape, using them to go public in
recent months. Like Lordstown, these companies initiated a path to be publicly traded before delivering any products. Lordstown was formed to rehabilitate a closed General Motors factory in its namesake Ohio town to build electric vehicles. The company’s first
product is the Endurance electric pickup truck, aimed at fleet buyers. CEO Steve Burns previously told Green Car Reports that an SUV is also under consideration. After GM idled the factory in March 2019, Lordstown was able to secure financing to buy it with
help from the Trump Administration, despite the president’s criticism of GM’s new electric direction. In August, GM announced a $75 million investment in Lordstown, which could go on to produce vehicles to rival the Detroit giant’s planned electric trucks.
GM is also working with LG Chem on a battery plant near the Lordstown factory, which last assembled Chevrolet Cruze compacts. Tesla, the trailblazer for the current crop of EV startups, went public in 2010. That was two years before the start of Model S deliveries,
but after Tesla had been delivering its Roadster for several years.” [Green Car Reports,
10/27/20
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Tesla Mysteriously Removes Regenerative Braking Strength Option In New Cars.
According to Electrek, “Tesla has mysteriously removed the option for drivers to control the strength of the regenerative braking capacity
for new cars. The reason behind the change is not clear. Regenerative braking, which uses an electric vehicle’s electric motor to convert kinetic energy into electricity to charge the battery pack while slowing down the vehicle, is a flagship feature of electric
cars. It’s one of many features that makes them more efficient than cars with combustion engines and it also results in less wear on your brakes. However, it comes with a learning curve to get use to it, especially for people who have never driven a manual
transmission since downshifting has a similar feel to regenerative braking. Most electric cars offer a solution to this learning curve by making different ‘strengths’ of regenerative braking available in order to ease people into using the feature. Depending
on the strength, electric cars slow down more or less aggressively with regen braking when the driver lets go of the accelerator pedal. With an electric car equipped with a powerful regen braking system, an experienced EV driver can basically do what is called
‘one-pedal driving’ and only use the accelerator pedal. Tesla’s Regen Braking Tesla had one of the most simple regen braking settings: standard and low. That’s it. However, new Tesla buyers are now reporting that the automaker has removed the option of choosing
the regenerative braking strength. Owners of new Tesla vehicles built in the last few months are reporting on the forums (Reddit and TMC) that they don’t see the option in the settings anymore and some of them are being told by Tesla service centers that it
is not a bug.” [Electrek, 10/27/20
(=)]
Tesla Microgrids Spread As U.S. Grid 'Gets Worse And Worse'.
According to E&E News, “A Tesla Inc. executive made a stir last week when he revealed that the company is operating more than 120 microgrids.
The online comment by Michael Snyder, Tesla’s director of engineering and construction for energy projects, signaled that a company known for its cars and batteries is restlessly encroaching on other parts of the energy system. But experts said Tesla is far
from alone. Dozens of companies are stampeding into the microgrid space, realizing there is tremendous demand for simpler microgrids to tap clean energy and keep the lights on. A microgrid is a cluster of energy generators — any kind, from a diesel generator
to a rooftop of solar panels — that is designed to serve nearby users such as a building or a campus. That cluster ‘islands’ and keeps the lights on even if the regular grid around it blacks out. The need for these mini-grids has become apparent as wildfires,
hurricanes and floods made more severe by climate change are often taking the grid down with them. ‘If you look at the performance of the U.S. grid, it just gets worse and worse and worse,’ said Peter Asmus, who studies microgrids as a research director at
Guidehouse Insights. Elegant in concept, the microgrid has been devilishly hard to execute. Microgrids have spread slowly over the last decade and were accelerating until the COVID-19 pandemic snarled many projects. Snyder gave some insight into the trend
in a post on LinkedIn last week expounding on his initial comment. Microgrids ‘do not always need to be considered bespoke engineering endeavors,’ the Tesla engineer wrote. ‘The vast majority can be simplified and systematized into plug-and-play power systems.’”
[E&E News, 10/28/20
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Auto Suppliers Say 100% Zero-Emission Car Target Is Doable.
According to the Washington Examiner, “Nearly two-thirds of major auto parts suppliers surveyed said achieving 100% zero-emissions vehicle sales by 2035 or 2040 is a viable target with existing technology, according to new data released today by CALSTART.
Sixteen of the 26 suppliers CALSTART surveyed said a 100% zero-emissions vehicle sales target is doable, and 14 of those suppliers said they would back implementation of such a target nationwide. CALSTART notes this survey occurred before California Gov. Gavin
Newsom announced an executive order late last month requiring all new car sales in the state to be zero-emissions by 2035. New York and New Jersey have also taken steps to adopt a similar target. Nearly two-thirds of suppliers surveyed also say policies that
encourage sales of zero-emissions vehicles would lead to job growth within their companies, according to the data. CALSTART said 20 out of the 26 suppliers surveyed make components for electric cars.” [Washington Examiner,
10/27/20
(=)]
Electric Vehicles
Children’s Pester Power A Driving Force Behind Electric Car Choice, Finds Peugeot.
According to The Driven, “Children are a driving force behind the decision to switch to electric vehicles, the UK arm of French car maker Peugeot has found. More than two-thirds of
1,250 children surveyed by the car maker said they think electric cars and plug-in hybrids (PHEV) are better for the planet, and more than half of the parents of the children surveyed said their offspring would like to see them buy an electric car. And it’s
not solely children’s attitudes towards the planet and cleaning up transport that the survey uncovered. Pester power – when kids try to get their parents to buy something, or change their behaviour – might usually be associated with nagging for lollies at
the checkout, but in this case it could be working towards positive change instead. The survey found that out of all the children, aged seven to twelve, more than half had tried to get their parents to be more environmentally friendly, by recycling, reusing
and even switching to an battery electric car or PHEV. Parents are also taking into account their children’s opinions or concerns when making major purchasing decisions, the survey found. A massive 72.2% of children said they were consulted on major purchasing
decisions such as buy cars. ‘It’s great to see the next generation of car buyers so interested in full electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, and to know that they understand the positive impact these vehicles have on the environment,’ said David Peel, Managing
Director of Peugeot UK, in a statement. ‘With this in mind, it’s really positive to see through our research how influential children are in the purchase decisions their parents make.’ In reporting the survey findings, Peugeot took the opportunity to highlight
its recent unveiling of the new PHEV 3008. Peugeot also has PHEV versions of the 508 in both fastback and wagon formats.” [The Driven,
10/28/20 (=)]
Transition To Electric Vehicles Spurs Rapid Manufacturing Innovation.
According to Automotive World, “The last few months have seen electric vehicles (EVs) buoyed up, especially in Europe where July 2020 was a record-breaking month for EV registrations.
According to JATO, a provider of automotive data, volumes that month rose 131% year-on-year to 230,700 units—the first time that these vehicles were bought by more than 200,000 consumers in a single month. The transition to EVs is driving rapid change in the
way carmakers and the automotive industry supply chain manufacture their products. What has worked for building highly efficient internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is not going to be viable for producing EVs competitively over the next decade. The challenge
is to create a mass-market manufacturing environment on a par with conventional cars and make EVs a viable and profitable scale business—none of which is the case right now. To date, many established carmakers have used the same platform for both their ICE
and EV models to protect investments and hedge their bets until demand shifts more fundamentally toward EVs. However, the industry has recently been moving more decidedly toward ‘skateboard’ platforms. Propelled by EV-only manufacturers such as Tesla – for
which such a ‘from scratch’ approach is easier to realise – these platforms are designed exclusively for EVs. The difference here is that a low, flat battery becomes the structural underbelly of the car, which can be adapted in size depending on different
car models. Adding to this are compact motors placed at the ends of the skateboard corners, which are less bulky than traditional ICE engine and transmission blocks. Finally, drive-by-wire accelerators, brakes, drive control and steering replace typically
hard-mounted parts with digital technology. The skateboard approach enables OEMs to set up a modular manufacturing process, which gives them greater flexibility and will ultimately save costs.” [Automotive World,
10/28/20 (+)]
Research and Analysis
The Climate Peril Of Used Cars.
According to Axios, “A big new UN report delves deeply into an under-the-radar problem: the long-lasting
carbon emissions and pollution from used cars shipped from wealthy nations to poorer ones. The big picture: The UN Environment Programme report finds that between 2015 and 2018, the U.S., EU and Japan together exported 14 million used light-duty vehicles,
with 70% going to developing nations. Africa is the largest export destination. Threat level: The analysis finds that most importing countries have limited or absent environment and safety regulations governing used vehicle imports, while few developed nations
have export restrictions. The report analyzed nations’ import policies and created a ranking system based on factors like emissions standards and vehicle age limits. ‘Out of the 146 countries surveyed, 81 countries, over half, have ‘weak’ or ‘very weak’ policies
to regulate the import of used vehicles,’ it finds. Why it matters: Transportation overall (not just cars but also heavy trucks, planes and so forth) is a major emissions source, creating almost a fourth of energy-related CO2 output and roughly 15% of all
global greenhouse gases. And the report notes that the global fleet of light-duty vehicles is projected to at least double by 2050, with almost all the growth coming from non-OECD countries that import lots of used cars, vans, minibuses and so forth. What
they’re saying: ‘Developed countries must stop exporting vehicles that fail environment and safety inspections and are no longer considered roadworthy in their own countries, while importing countries should introduce stronger quality standards,’ said UNEP
head Inger Andersen. What’s next: The report recommends steps including harmonized global and regional regulations and standards, as well as more research. It also says steps like age limits and fiscal policies like age- or CO2-based taxation can be effective.”
[Axios,
10/27/20 (=)]
International
China Plans 2035 Gas Car Ban That Doesn’t Actually Ban Gas Cars.
According to Electrek, “China plans to require that all new cars sold after 2035 be eco-friendly ‘new energy vehicles’ according to Nikkei Asia. The plans were announced in a future
road map for new energy vehicles and will be regulated under China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The specifics of the plan state that as of 2035, 50% of new cars sold in the country will be either electric, plug-in hybrid, or fuel cell
vehicles, and 50% of new cars will be conventional hybrids, which still run entirely on gasoline. Currently, ‘new energy vehicles’ — a category which includes plug-in hybrids and fuel cell vehicles, but most of which are battery electric vehicles — make up
5% of China’s new car market. This is a higher percentage of new car sales than all but seven countries, as of 2019. But it’s a far shot from 50%, which is the percentage China wants to reach by 2035. China’s road map targets a steady increase of that percentage
from now until 2035. The other 50% of new vehicles sold will still be conventional (non-plug-in) hybrids. China plans to gradually eliminate non-hybrid gas-powered vehicles in the next 15 years, targeting 75% of gasoline cars to be hybrids by 2030, and 100%
of them by 2035. China also plans to stop manufacturing non-hybrid gas-powered vehicles by 2035, which could help force other countries to move away from gasoline. It does need to be noted, though, that conventional hybrids do gain 100% of their energy from
burning gasoline. There is no other external energy source powering them. Unlike plug-in vehicles, they cannot be made cleaner by a shift to cleaner grid electricity, as they cannot be charged through external means.” [Electrek,
10/27/20 (=)]
Canadians' Confidence In Electric Vehicles Dropping, Says Report.
According to Driving, “Most new-car shoppers still lack confidence in electric cars, and a whopping 67 per cent of Canadians haven’t ever driven one, according to a new study by J.D.
Power. The J.D. Power 2020 Q1 Mobility Confidence Index Study, fueled by a SurveyMonkey Audience survey, finds that confidence in electric and self-driving cars is lagging severely behind automakers’ plans to bring them to market. The survey shows on a 100-point
scale, Canadians’ confidence in self-driving vehicles has decreased from 39 to 36 points; and, in electric vehicles, from 59 to 57. ‘Frankly, we’re concerned for automakers,’ said Kristin Kolodge, executive director of driver interaction and human machine
interface research at J.D. Power. ‘They’re pushing forward with technology that consumers seem to have little interest in. Nor are they making the strides needed to change people’s minds.’ A full 19 per cent of Canadians surveyed said they knew nothing about
electric cars, and have expressed concern with the environmental toll of old batteries ending up in landfills and further polluting the earth. Even previous owners of electric vehicles said they wouldn’t buy one again because of high maintenance costs, steeper
purchase prices, limited battery ranges, and poor performance in cold weather. One consumer went as far to say EVs were an ‘absolute hoax’ that do ‘not provide enough heat to clear windows in cold weather.’
So until the three most common barriers (charging station availability, driving range, and purchase price) are improved upon drastically, it’s very likely we won’t see an increase in confidence among vehicle consumers.” [Driving,
10/27/20 (=)]
China Accelerates In The Electric Vehicles Game.
According to Benzinga, “Beijing has massive ambitions for electric vehicles (EV), and it seeks 25% of all car sales in the country to be EVs by 2025, Financial Times reports. In 2019,
China sold 1.2 million EVs, accounting for more than half of global sales. The China Association of Automobile Manufacturers expects new EV sales to reach 1.1 million by the year-end despite the pandemic, Reuters reports. According to FT, China can leverage
its vast scale advantages to make the first EV that can compete with traditional cars on price and tap the international market, which is ready due to growing worries about climate change. The EV industry in China is at a critical juncture. The price of EV
batteries is set to drop below $100 per kWh by 2023, down from the current $160. Ev batteries account for a significant portion of the overall car’s cost, and the price point below $100 is a cost parity with internal combustion engine cars. Market Leader:
Tesla Inc’s TSLA Model 3 is the leader in China with sales of 70,951 units in 2020 through August, accounting for 13% of the overall EV sales. However, the Wuling HongGuang Mini EV clocked sale of 9,150 units in August, its second full month of sales. The
boxy EV sees huge sales numbers because it comes at $4,200, a fraction of Tesla’s $42,691 price tag for Model 3, FT reports. The HonGuang Mini EV is a joint-venture product between General Motors Company GM , SAIC Motor, and Liuzhou Wuling Motors Co Ltd. Nio
Inc’s NIO ES6 EV sold 2,840 units in August and 17,161 units in the year through August. Valuation: Observers call the valuation of Chinese EV companies overcooked. The three US-listed Chinese EV start-ups Nio, Li Auto Inc LI , and Xpeng Inc XPEV 0.08% are
valued at $35.4 billion, $15.9 billion, and $14.4 billion respectively, despite all of them making sizeable losses, FT reports.” [Benzinga,
10/27/20 (=)]
Chad Ellwood
Senior Research Associate
Climate Action Campaign
202.448.2877 ext. 119